Advantage And Disadvantage of Mobile Phone - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1712 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/21 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? What are anabolic steroids? Anabolic steroids is the familiar name for synthetic substances related to the male sex hormones (e. g. , testosterone). They promote the growth of skeletal muscle (anabolic effects) and the development of male sexual characteristics (androgenic effects) in both males and females. The term anabolic steroids will be used throughout this report because of its familiarity, although the proper term for these compounds is anabolic-androgenic steroids. Anabolic steroids were developed in the late 1930s primarily to treat hypogonadism, a condition in which the testes do not produce sufficient estosterone for normal growth, development, and sexual functioning. The primary medical uses of these compounds are to treat delayed puberty, some types of impotence, and wasting of the body caused by HIV infection or other diseases. During the 1930s, scientists discovered that anabolic steroids could facilitate the growth of skeletal muscle in laboratory animals, w hich led to abuse of the compounds first by bodybuilders and weightlifters and then by athletes in other sports. Steroid abuse has become so widespread in athletics that it can affect the outcome of sports contests. Illicit steroids are often sold at gyms, competitions, and through mail order operations after being smuggled into this country. Most illegal steroids in the United States are smuggled from countries that do not require a prescription for the purchase of steroids. Steroids are also illegally diverted from U. S. pharmacies or synthesized in clandestine laboratories. What are steroidal supplements? In the United States, supplements such as tetrahydrogestrinone (THG) and androstenedione (street name Andro) previously could be purchased legally without a prescription through many commercial sources, including health ood stores. Steroidal supplements can be converted into testosterone or a similar compound in the body. Less is known about the side effects of steroidal supp lements, but if large quantities of these compounds Index Letter from the Director What are anabolic steroids? What are steroidal supplements? What is the scope of steroid abuse in the United States? Why do people use anabolic steroids? How are anabolic steroids abused? What are the health consequences of steroid abuse? What effects do anabolic steroids have on behavior? Are anabolic steroids addictive? What can be done to prevent steroid abuse? NIDA-funded prevention research helps reduce steroid abuse. What treatments are effective for anabolic steroid abuse? Where can I get further scientific information about steroid abuse? Glossary and References substantially increase testosterone levels in the body, then they also are likely to produce the same side effects as anabolic steroids themselves. The purchase of these supplements, with the notable exception of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), became illegal after the passage in 2004 of amendments to the Controlled Substances Act. C ommonly Abused Steroids Oral Steroids †¢Anadrol (oxymetholone) †¢Oxandrin oxandrolone) †¢Dianabol (methandrostenolone) †¢Winstrol (stanozolol) Injectable Steroids †¢Deca-Durabolin (nandrolone decanoate) †¢Durabolin (nandrolone phenpropionate) †¢Depo-Testosterone (testosterone cypionate) †¢Equipoise (boldenone undecylenate) †¢Tetrahydrogestrinone (THG) What is the scope of steroid use in the United States? The 2005 Monitoring the Future study, a NIDA-funded survey of drug use among adolescents in middle and high schools across the United States, reported that past year use of steroids decreased significantly among 8th- and 10th-graders since peak use in 2000. Among 12th-graders, there was a ifferent trend—from 2000 to 2004, past year steroid use increased, but in 2005 there was a significant decrease, from 2. 5 percent to 1. 5 percent. Steroid abuse affects individuals of various ages. However, it is difficult to estimate the true p revalence of steroid abuse in the United States because many data sources that measure drug abuse do not include steroids. Scientific evidence indicates that anabolic steroid abuse among athletes may range between one and six percent. What are the health consequences of steroid abuse? Index Letter from the Director Anabolic steroid abuse has been associated ith a wide range of adverse side effects ranging from some that are physically unattractive, such as acne and breast development in men, to others that are life threatening, such as heart attacks and liver cancer. Most are reversible if the abuser stops taking the drugs, but some are permanent, such as voice deepening in females. Most data on the long-term effects of anabolic steroids in humans come from case reports rather than formal epidemiological studies. From the case reports, the incidence of lifethreatening effects appears to be low, but serious adverse effects may be underrecognized or underreported, especially ince they may occur many years later. Data from animal studies seem to support this possibility. One study found that exposing male mice for one-fifth of their lifespan to steroid doses comparable to those taken by human athletes caused a high frequency of early deaths. Hormonal system Steroid abuse disrupts the normal production of hormones in the body, causing both reversible and irreversible changes. Changes that can be reversed include reduced sperm production and shrinking of the testicles (testicular atrophy). Irreversible changes include male-pattern baldness and breast development (gynecomastia) in men. In one study of male bodybuilders, more than half had testicular atrophy and/or gynecomastia. In the female body, anabolic steroids cause masculinization. Breast size and body fat decrease, the skin becomes coarse, the clitoris enlarges, and the voice deepens. Women may experience excessive growth of body hair but lose scalp hair. With continued administration of steroids, some of these effects become irreversible. Musculoskeletal system Rising levels of testosterone and other sex hormones normally trigger the growth spurt that occurs during puberty and adolescence and provide the signals to stop growth as well. When a child or adolescent takes anabolic steroids, the resulting artificially high sex hormone levels can prematurely signal the bones to stop growing. Cardiovascular system Steroid abuse has been associated with What are anabolic steroids? What are steroidal supplements? What is the scope of steroid abuse in the United States? Why do people use anabolic steroids? How are anabolic steroids abused? What are the health consequences of steroid abuse? What effects do anabolic steroids have on behavior? Are anabolic steroids addictive? What can be done to prevent steroid abuse? NIDA-funded prevention esearch helps reduce steroid abuse. What treatments are effective for anabolic steroid abuse? Where can I get further scientific information about steroid abuse? Glossary and References Possible Health Consequences of Anabolic Steroid Abuse Hormonal system Men †¢infertility †¢breast development †¢shrinking of the testicles †¢male-pattern baldness Women †¢enlargement of the clitoris †¢excessive growth of body hair †¢male-pattern baldness Musculoskeletal system †¢short stature (if taken by adolescents) †¢tendon rupture Cardiovascular system †¢increases in LDL; †¢decreases in HDL †¢high blood pressure †¢heart attacks enlargement of the hearts left ventricle Liver †¢cancer †¢peliosis hepatis †¢tumors Skin †¢severe acne and cysts †¢oily scalp †¢jaundice †¢fluid retention Infection †¢HIV/AIDS †¢hepatitis Psychiatric effects †¢rage, aggression †¢mania †¢delusions cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including heart attacks and strokes, even in athletes younger than 30. Steroids contribute to the development of CVD, partly b y changing the levels of lipoproteins that carry cholesterol in the blood. Steroids, particularly oral steroids, increase the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and decrease the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). High LDL and low HDL levels increase the risk of atherosclerosis, a condition in which fatty substances are deposited inside arteries and disrupt blood flow. If blood is prevented from reaching the heart, the result can be a heart attack. If blood is prevented from reaching the brain, the result can be a stroke. Steroids also increase the risk that blood clots will form in blood vessels, potentially disrupting blood flow and damaging the heart muscle so that it does not pump blood effectively. Liver Steroid abuse has been associated with liver tumors and a rare condition called peliosis hepatis, in which blood-filled cysts form in the liver. Both the tumors and the cysts can rupture, causing internal bleeding. Skin Steroid abuse can cause acne, cysts, and oi ly hair and skin. Infections Many abusers who inject anabolic steroids may use nonsterile injection techniques or share contaminated needles with other abusers. In addition, some steroid preparations are manufactured illegally under nonsterile conditions. These factors put abusers at risk for acquiring lifethreatening viral infections, such as HIV and hepatitis B and C. Abusers also can develop endocarditis, a bacterial infection that causes a potentially fatal inflammation f the inner lining of the heart. Bacterial infections also can cause pain and abscess formation at injection sites. What effects do anabolic steroids have on behavior? Case reports and small studies indicate that anabolic steroids, when used in high doses, increase irritability and aggression. Some steroid abusers report that they have committed aggressive acts, such as physical fighting or armed robbery, theft, vandalism, or burglary. Abusers who have committed aggressive acts or property crimes generally report that they engage in these behaviors more often when they take steroids than when they are drug free. A recent study suggests that the mood and behavioral effects seen during anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse may result from secondary hormonal changes. Scientists have attempted to test the association between anabolic steroids and aggression by administering high steroid doses or placebo for days or weeks to human volunteers and then asking the people to report on their behavioral symptoms. To date, four such studies have been conducted. In three, high steroid doses did produce greater feelings of irritability and aggression than did placebo, although the effects appear to be highly variable across individuals. In one study, the drugs did not have that effect. One possible explanation, according to the researchers, is that some but not all anabolic steroids increase irritability and aggression. Recent animal studies show an increase in aggression after steroid administration. In a few controlled studies, aggression or adverse, overt behaviors resulting from the administration of anabolic steroid use have been reported by a minority of volunteers. In summary, the extent to which steroid abuse contributes to violence and behavioral disorders is unknown. As with the health complications of steroid buse, the prevalence of extreme cases of violence and behavioral disorders seems to be low, but it may be underreported or underrecognized. Research also indicates that some users might turn to other drugs to alleviate some of the negative effects of anabolic steroids. For example, a study of 227 men admitted in 1999 to a private treatment center for addiction to heroin or other opioids found that 9. 3 percent had abused anabolic steroids before trying any other illicit drug. Of these 9. 3 percent, 86 percent first used opioids to counteract insomnia and irritability resulting from anabolic steroids. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Advantage And Disadvantage of Mobile Phone" essay for you Create order

The Memos On Women During The Civil Rights Movement Essay

both races. Two Memos on Women Women learned from their involvement with the civil rights movement to â€Å"think radically about the personal worth and abilities of people whose role in society had gone unchallenged before.† These thoughts, naturally, became part of how women began to place themselves within the civil rights movement and to truly start to think about what being a woman in a civil rights organization, like SNCC meant. In a way SNCC acted similarly to the radical abolitionists of the nineteenth century in that they â€Å"suggested ways that individual discontent could become the basis for large scale political activism.† They began to think about the societal institutions that they were expected to be a part or such as marriage and childrearing. Women in the movement had â€Å"developed too much self-confidence and self-respect to accept subordinate roles passively.† Women such as Casey Hayden and Mary King felt that though they had good relationships wit h the males in leadership roles in SNNC and could lead their own freedom registration programs, they still were often left out of major policy decisions. This feeling of not being as integral in the organization as they hoped led to workshop that discussed women’s roles in SNCC. After the workshop a group of women became frustrated with the discrimination in the movement towards women. They felt that something needed to be done about it. So, Casey Hayden and Mary King wrote the Waveland position paper inShow MoreRelatedContemporary Utilization Of Classical Perspective1575 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion. This theory includes not only the criminal, but the effect the criminal has on those around him/her. Routine Activities Theory. 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Many cheered on as the civil rights leader graciously out step on the second floor balcony of the Motel Lorraine. Roaring cheers rose from the crowd rose up as Martin Luther King stand there waving his arm with his heart warming smile waiting for the uprising taper off so

Pakistan Culture Free Essays

Here In this global world, people can be easily identified by their culture. People dresses, Behaves and live according to their culture. The culture is followed by our forebears and still it will be followed by our future generations. We will write a custom essay sample on Pakistan Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many cultures to talk, but this dissertation concentrates on the culture of Pakistan and America. Since both are different cultured the Pakistan culture follows many traditional ways than American culture. In Pakistan people like to live with join family in the reason that they adopted to that culture. They live in the same home until it becomes old and it is named dominated society. Women were not allowed to study and men go to work. In the Olden days they assumed that women were not allowed to study if so women will not respect them and social order will be changed. But in the modern world women also started to study and experience the life outside the home. Pakistani people strictly follow religious culture than American. The Pakistani people are called as Muslims. Pakistani culture gives regulations to men also than any other cultures in the world. People of Pakistani showcase their identity as Muslims through that women wear veil and Burga and men wear pajamas and grow bears.Many modifications are taking place in Pakistani culture because women get more freedom than earlier and many women writers are coming up like Malala. Pakistanis grandly celebrate Ramzan festival. American culture is enjoying more liberation and survives joyfully. They like to live nuclear life and do not mingle with family members. From teenage itself, they live their own life, take care of themselves and take own decisions. In Pakistan only Muslims lives, but in America many religious people live and follow their own religion without any hesitation. The American people are Christians and live a rich life with limited moral values, but Pakistan has strong moral values. How to cite Pakistan Culture, Papers

Pakistan Culture Free Essays

Here In this global world, people can be easily identified by their culture. People dresses, Behaves and live according to their culture. The culture is followed by our forebears and still it will be followed by our future generations. We will write a custom essay sample on Pakistan Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many cultures to talk, but this dissertation concentrates on the culture of Pakistan and America. Since both are different cultured the Pakistan culture follows many traditional ways than American culture. In Pakistan people like to live with join family in the reason that they adopted to that culture. They live in the same home until it becomes old and it is named dominated society. Women were not allowed to study and men go to work. In the Olden days they assumed that women were not allowed to study if so women will not respect them and social order will be changed. But in the modern world women also started to study and experience the life outside the home. Pakistani people strictly follow religious culture than American. The Pakistani people are called as Muslims. Pakistani culture gives regulations to men also than any other cultures in the world. People of Pakistani showcase their identity as Muslims through that women wear veil and Burga and men wear pajamas and grow bears.Many modifications are taking place in Pakistani culture because women get more freedom than earlier and many women writers are coming up like Malala. Pakistanis grandly celebrate Ramzan festival. American culture is enjoying more liberation and survives joyfully. They like to live nuclear life and do not mingle with family members. From teenage itself, they live their own life, take care of themselves and take own decisions. In Pakistan only Muslims lives, but in America many religious people live and follow their own religion without any hesitation. The American people are Christians and live a rich life with limited moral values, but Pakistan has strong moral values. How to cite Pakistan Culture, Papers

Research paper on regulatory risk an Example by

Research paper on regulatory risk Brief sketch of facts and events Alumina Incorporated is an international aluminum maker company that conducts business operations among eight countries across the globe handling aluminum business in constructing automotive parts as well as in producing packaging materials. The company, located on the border of Lake Dira in Erehwon state, also handles refining alumina, bauxite mining and aluminum smelting with America comprising 70% of the companys total sales.The persons responsible behind the success of Alumina in the industry and in keeping the company afloat in the competitive global aluminum market include Roger Lloyd, the chairman of the company who strongly adheres to the principle of law within the corporation, as well as Chris Blake, the chief operating officer of the company whose rank is next to Roger Lloyd. Diane Richards leads the Public Relations section of the business firm and is trusted by the board of directors after modulating angry investors when the company assembled large technological changes in its Level-B factories in the developing countries. Arthur Todd is the companys legal counsel with a good grasp in litigation as well as in regulatory arrangements. Need essay sample on "Research paper on regulatory risk" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Alumina was reported five years ago for obtaining a violation of environmental discharge standards after a customary evaluation inspection for EPA compliance, finding out that the test samples for the PAH concentration levels exceeded the tolerable threshold. After complying with the EPA ordered clean up, the following environmental assessment accounted that the violation has been remedied. With the exception of the case five years ago, Alumina Inc. has kept a satisfactory record in complying with the environmental regulations. However, a local resident named Kelly Bates poses a threat to smear the integrity and compliance record of the company after pointing the finger at the company for her 10-year-old daughters current health condition. She claims that the aluminum firm has constantly polluted the Lake Dira waters with carcinogenic waste matter and that the consumption of the 38-year-old single mothers daughter of it instigated her leukemia, further claiming that the poor condition of her daughter began with the companys first case of violating the environmental regulations five years ago. Legal and business considerations It must be noted that both the federal and state governments of America, particularly through the EPA and the administration and enforcing of existing regulations, have combined efforts in ensuring environmental safety. Hence, companies, especially those whose operations primarily involve the environment, are expected to align their business actions with the established federal and state laws. In the same manner, founding and preserving satisfactory relations with the community is also essential as it occupies a crucial role during times of crisis in resolving specific issues. The communitys assistance with the company, or its deficiency, should always be considered in crafting company policies, decisions and actions. Moreover, transparency with the business operations of the company is also a major concern as citizens can file for a request of the companys records among government offices as well as the companies themselves under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) given particular stipulations. To a certain degree, it roughly goes against the privacy policies of certain business firms as they are required to maintain the confidentiality of business information as a section of the FOIA that covers vital interests. In the case of Bates and Alumina Inc., mediation can be taken as a means to resolve the conflict beyond the court through several individuals as well as organizations such as the American Arbitration Association as both parties are given the opportunity to craft their corresponding terms of settlement. Conflicts and ethical dilemma There are several conflicts in the competing stakeholders with regards to the case of Bates and Alumina Inc. For the most part, one of the primary concerns of Roger Lloyd in general is to preserve the integrity and the name of the company by doing what is immediate and necessary in order to urgently resolve the conflict and to take advantage of the self-policing incentives of the EPA. Arthur Todd, on the other hand, is inclined to utilize the best legal measures in advancing the interest of the company without inciting further damage or conflict. Chris Blake, with respect to his position in the company, is slanting towards the full confidence in the companys operations thus suggesting the full disclosure of their corresponding business records since there is nothing to hide. Last but not the least, Diane Richards highlights the role of negotiations since these offer the advantages of creating a good image before the public and of consoling Bates. All these considerations comprise the ethical dilemma of either pursuing the interests of the company or taking up the responsibility in the case of Bates. By further pursuing the interests of Alumina, it relegates the plea of Bates unto lower considerations thereby setting aside central concerns and decisions with regards to Bates and focusing instead on the operations of the firm. On the other hand, by taking up responsibility in the case of Bates, the company might be seen as negligent of its environmental operations and the corresponding EPA regulations although the case of Bates can be resolved more efficiently. The ethical dilemma centers on the idea of which side is to be given higher consideration without inflicting more damage to both parties. The internal counsel Several basic issues for the organizations internal counsel include allegations of violations in regulations. The counsel is primarily prompted to gather all necessary facts through a comprehensive investigation which will serve as the foundation of the companys decisions and actions with regards to the allegations. Although these facts can be used by the organizations adversary, it is assumed that the company should handle these facts responsibly with legal assistance all throughout the process. Moreover, another basic issue for the counsel is when the public is requests for the records of the company from relevant governmental authorities. Although the public can decide to obtain information, the company, however, can choose to not disclose confidential company records before the public depending upon the discretion of the government agency. An alternative to a partial disclosure because of business confidentiality is to narrow down what the public can get hold of by releasing the records that only pertain to the case at hand. This assures as well confidentiality of the business information. There are also factors that the company should primarily consider in the event of allegations against their business operations. These include the expenses covered in the legal battle and the uncertainty of the litigation process, the whole duration of the litigation as it affects the performance of the company in terms of time and resources, and publicity and confidentiality which entail the risk of making private business information and trade secrets open to the public and other rival companies inasmuch as publicity and confidentiality can bring about a degrading effect to the reputation of the companys name. Summary of the alternatives The recommended solutions offer a variety of consequences to the company in the context of the ethical dilemma. The first alternative solution fares well inasmuch as it addresses the ethical dilemma of which side is to be given higher consideration by emphasizing the credible reputation of the company in the eyes of the government authorities and making Kelly Bates aware of the companys status. It aligns well with Aluminas value of taking care of its companys reputation and performance. The second alternative solution, however, does not fare quite well because of its costly measures that do not provide a high degree of probability in addressing the concerns of both Kelly Bates and Alumina. Although it promotes the value of the company by shaping a good image of Alumina before the eyes of the public through positive advertising, it nevertheless consumes much of the companys resources in a seemingly futile campaign with regards to the case of Bates. References Crouhy, M., Mark, R., & Galai, D. (2000). The Regulatory Environment. In Risk Management (1 ed., pp. 19-20). New York: McGraw-Hill. Health, T. A. o. S. o. P. (2007). Introduction to Risk Assessment in Public Health. In M. G. Robson & W. A. Toscano (Eds.), Risk Assessment for Environmental Health (1 ed., pp. 1-10). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. McCormick, R. (2006). The Essentials of Legal Risk Management. In Legal Risk in the Financial Markets (pp. 227-252). New York: Oxford University Press, USA.

How The effect of information asymmetry affects Essays

How The effect of information asymmetry affects Essays How The effect of information asymmetry affects Essay How The effect of information asymmetry affects Essay Academic Writing In English for Graduate Students, Spring 2014 How The effect of information assortment affects on business decisions He Jung Gang Business Department, Korea University Paying dividends to shareholders may benefit to some companies chief executive officers (CEO). It is because they receive stock options as an incentive for any dividends Selectivenesss. The shareholders of some firms vote on whether to pay dividends or to Invest In valuable projects. A CEO may try to make encourage hardliners to vote to parlor dividends using information asymmetry. Information asymmetry means a situation where one party has more or superior information compared to another in a transaction. This harmful situation, in which one partys lack of knowledge may lead to disadvantages of, often happens in business decisions. Some companies have tried for shareholders to limit access to financial information to pursue them shareholders to agree to pay for dividends rather than to spend money for on investing investment, especially in R business and growth options. Early studies have found that dividends have a significantly negative influence on investment (Peterson, 1983) due to information asymmetry, even if dividends should not affective no effect. This essay will summarize how information asymmetry affects business decisions in R investments and growth options. First of all. In R Investment. Higher Information asymmetry between CEO and shareholders can occur due to greater uncertainty on the future benefits relative to capital investment, leading to moral hazard problems (Chant, 2001). Executives may Orca shareholders to choose to pay dividends rather than to pursue valuable investment projects on limited internal funds. It is because having little financial information provided by CEO leads shareholders to make an Invaluable sub-optimal business decisions. To receive funding from outside Investors, firms may spend money for on conference events If needed or for hilling to make roll the collection of data for reporting for to outside investors. Therefore, firms are likely to cost high for spend a lot to secure funding for R investments (Hall, 2010). Secondly, growth options mean that a company invests to growth of potential future outputs In future. Information asymmetry can also occur in growth options. It Is because growth options have greater uncertainty and Involve unverifiable future cash flow reports (Smith, 1992) and shareholders may be more likely to have difficulties to understanding or estimate estimating future cash flow repossesses reports. When greater competition for internal funds between paying dividends and investing projects occur, companies may be forced to forgo the investments as Coos re reluctant to cut dividends (Lintier, 1956). Information asymmetry will play a vital role negatively to affect business decisions. Again, the higher costs of raising funds As can be seen, due to information asymmetry between executives and shareholders, firms forgo valuable investment projects especially in R and growth options to pay dividends. In summary, information asymmetry plays a crucial role in investment decisions negatively because shareholders can vote to pay dividends rather than to invest in valuable projects in a situation where little data is provided.

How to write a winning business plan - Emphasis

How to write a winning business plan How to write a winning business plan Whether youre setting up a new business venture or trying to get the go-ahead for a project, theres one essential document you need. Rob Ashton, Chief Executive of Emphasis, gives a step-by-step guide to writing a good business plan. Why you need one Theres a memorable conversation in Lewis Carrolls novel Alice in Wonderland, where Alice asks the Cheshire cat for directions. She says it doesnt matter where she gets to, as long as she gets somewhere. This leads the cat to reply: Then it doesnt matter which way you go. If you dont have a crystal-clear vision of where you want your business to go, youll be as confused as Alice when you hit a crossroads. Your business plan is your route to growth and success. But in order to write it, you need to know what you really want to achieve. This means youll have to spend time examining the strengths and weaknesses of your business, a process that has numerous pay-offs in itself. Researching your own company helps you to take a critical look at what you have to offer and who your competitors are. This enables you to better navigate the industry minefields and gives you a benchmark against which to measure success. Many people think of business plans as a necessary evil, written only to gain external funding. Instead, look at yours as an essential planning tool, whatever your financial situation. Remember, if you dont plan where to go, youre inadvertently planning on going nowhere. Crafting your business plan Heres a seven-step guide to writing your business plan. Work through each section and youll have an ordered, content-rich document that gets you where you want to go. Step one Description of the business After the executive summary (see step seven), the first thing youll need to do is describe your business. Get started by asking the following questions: What do I sell or offer? Why? To whom do I sell? What is the history of the business? What is my vision for the future? What is different about the services I offer? What is the legal structure of the company? Think about your audience carefully before you write the description. Ask yourself what words and phrases they will understand and be careful not to include too much jargon. Step two Market research Think about your industry and what you think the future trends will be. Then analyse your competition. Determine what size of the market they hold and then clearly define where you fit into the mix. Step three Marketing and sales strategy Ask yourself why companies buy what you offer, and how you sell it. Think about how you are going to reach the organisations that need your services and what pricing plans youll offer. Whether youre an in-house department, specialist contractor or a large multi-service company, therell be a variety of ways to reach prospective clients. Step four Management and personnel team Many facilities management companies claim that people are their best asset. Think carefully about your management team and outline the background, experience and qualifications of each individual. The people on your team will often make or break your success. Fully evaluate their credentials and look out for any skill gaps that could be improved with training. Step five Operations Analyse the location of your business, in terms of advantages and disadvantages. Your own premises, production facilities and IT systems must be excellent. Make sure you address any weaknesses in your plan with recommendations for improvement. Step six Financial forecast This section requires you to translate the contents of your plan into numbers. Include cash flow statements, profit and loss forecasts and a sales forecast. Dont forget that if youre looking for funding, you need to spell out how much you need and how youll repay the loan. Step seven The executive summary Leave this until last, even though it goes right at the beginning. Once youve followed all the other steps, youre in a position to write this stand-alone document, which outlines the key points in your entire plan. Keep it to a maximum of two pages. Remember, some people will only read this section so make it shine. Tip: rather than trying to distil the full document down, follow your original document plan. Just write less in each section this time (a couple of sentences or a paragraph, rather than several pages). Finally, the ink may be dry but your business is constantly changing. Your business plan is a dynamic document, so youll need to update it regularly.